Showing posts with label History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label History. Show all posts

Sunday, September 26, 2010

War Memorial

A propo of nothing-

So, I'm on a tour bus in Bergen and our guide is prattling on about this or that. She has a peculiar way of saying OnTheLeftHandSide or OnTheRightHandSide all run together with perfect clarity - right before dropping her voice so she becomes unintelligible.

Then she'll surge back into my audible range with a painfully earnest IsItOkay? punctuated with a smile you can hear. We'd all given up on listening for detail - so a busload of tourists would nod in unison.

At some point her singsong voice skips out the words war and Germany - and there is mention of a building that is OnTheLeftHandSide. As her perspective shifts from her left to our left - I haven't the foggiest idea which direction I'm supposed to look.

Not that I know what she's even talking about.

I've been snapping pictures at random - so has Mom - and I figure we may have a picture that will make it make sense. She mentioned naval and symbol which ties with the fact that Bergen is a huge port. In any event, whatever it was is long behind us by the time we start to compare notes.

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One thing that struck me about Norway - at least in contrast to the UK or the US - there are no war memorials. Which of course is an exaggeration. Yes; surely there are some - somewhere. But wherever they are, they are certainly not front and center. All the statues you see are of musicians, poets, leaders of the fishing guild (seriously). No soliders, no plugged up cannons - not even a plaque. Compare this with a recent side jaunt we took into a town here in the US. A WWII tank displayed on the main road, a WWI cannon in the town square, and civil war monuments graven into the side of their courthouse. This was in a town of barely 10,000.

Bergen has over a quarter of a million people.

Admittedly, Norway was out of the fight pretty early in WWII. There are some truly amazing stories of the resistance - and the odd espionage adventure - but Norway has no Omaha beach. I read somewhere that after the war, the Norwegians located the German cruiser they sunk (the Blücher). They then salvaged the oil from its fuel tanks and cut up the ship for scrap - and sold it. Eminently practical these Norwegians - in contrast with how Americans reverentially allow the USS Arizona to leak oil into Pearl Harbor to this very day.
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In any event - up until that muted mention by our guide - there had been no signs of the war. And I was curious what she had meant.

When we stopped for some other photo op (digital cameras have turned tourists into snap happy maniacs - but the truth is volume pays off) I cornered the guide and asked about what she was trying to point out.

I showed her my photographic guess: a grey, ugly building with odd stone sculptures under each window that vaguely resembled eagles. "Is this what you meant?"

The guide shook her head. NoNoNo. The yellow building. It was built by the Germans... I hop through a few of my surrounding snaps - no yellow building.

German, AND yellow. Well, sorry I missed that.

Lots to see and do, that was the last I thought of it. Then after we get back, mom and I exchange pictures and I see this:

A yellow building in Bergen - was it the German one? Pastel yellow buildings in Bergen are like Starbucks in the US. Unless there's some plaque I can see in the picture...

I zoom in with photoshop. Nothing visible by the door - but with this resolution, it's not like I could read it.

I need a sign.

Then I zoom on the window balcony:


And there it is. German Naval Headquarters in Bergen, circa WWII.

The Norwegians will hoist a sunken battlecruiser off the bottom of their fjord for salvage - but the swastika-laced ironwork of their conquerors is preserved for all to see.

Lest anyone forget.

A very different kind of war memorial - and the only one I saw in Norway.

Tuesday, April 27, 2010

It's the 198th Anniversary of the Battle of York!

You know, in the War of 1812...where the Americans overwhelmed the British garrison of the Town of York (present day Toronto) and then sacked the town after their leader, Zebulon Pike was killed by an exploding armory?

...And...the savagery of the Americans at York was used as a justification for the British burning Washington D.C...?

Nothin'...?

Yeah, me neither.

I just wanted an excuse to post this video of the Three Dead Trolls playing their War of 1812 song. Enjoy.

Saturday, November 28, 2009

It takes a Turk to do that

I'm having entirely too much fun with the website Letters of Note.

The latest find that had me laugh out loud was this exchange between British diplomats during WWII.:
H.M. EMBASSY
MOSCOW

Lord Pembroke
The Foreign Office
London

6th April 1943

My Dear Reggie,

In these dark days man tends to look for little shafts of light that spill from Heaven. My days are probably darker than yours, and I need, my God I do, all the light I can get. But I am a decent fellow, and I do not want to be mean and selfish about what little brightness is shed upon me from time to time. So I propose to share with a tiny flash that has illuminated my sombre life and tell you that God has given me a new Turkish colleague whose card tells me that he is called Mustapha Kunt.

We all feel like that, Reggie, now and then, especially when Spring is upon us, but few of us would care to put it on our cards. It takes a Turk to do that.

(Signed)

Sir Archibald Clerk Kerr,
H.M. Ambassador.

Thursday, November 26, 2009

Love, Kurt - Jr.

Letters of Note posted a copy of the first letter then-Private Kurt Vonnegut Jr. sent to his family after being freed from German custody in WWII.

It's a good read:
I've been a prisoner of war since December 19th, 1944, when our division was cut to ribbons by Hitler's last desperate thrust through Luxemburg and Belgium. Seven Fanatical Panzer Divisions hit us and cut us off from the rest of Hodges' First Army. The other American Divisions on our flanks managed to pull out: We were obliged to stay and fight. Bayonets aren't much good against tanks: Our ammunition, food and medical supplies gave out and our casualties out-numbered those who could still fight - so we gave up. The 106th got a Presidential Citation and some British Decoration from Montgomery for it, I'm told, but I'll be damned if it was worth it. I was one of the few who weren't wounded. For that much thank God.

Friday, July 18, 2008

Sunday, July 13, 2008

South American paranoia...

...apparently just can't keep pace with current events.

DangerRoom has a story that would get laughed out of any publisher's office.
Megalomaniac dictators ordering their pet evil scientist to come up with untraceable poisons: It's the stuff of bad movies.
And, apparently Chilean history as well.

A dead president. Poison perfume and a mad scientist who may or may not have faked his own death.

Freaky. For starters.

Wednesday, February 20, 2008

All this has happend before

Think counterinsurgency, torture, denial and legal revolts are a new thing in American history?

Of course they are not. And no, I'm not talking about Vietnam.

I'm talking about the Philippines. Turn of the century. Remember "the Hiker?"

First we liberated them from the Spanish, and then we pulled the plug on their dream of independence. Then they rebelled, and then we tried to stop the rebellion.

And then things just went downhill.

The New Yorker has an article (h/t to DangerRoom) describing our troubled history in the Philippines.

There are obvious differences, but there are some obvious and disturbing parallels.

Monday, February 18, 2008

Deliver us from the rubber stamp

The idea of a national primary keeps getting floated as a solution to all our electoral woes. MyDD's Jerome Armstrong is on this today.
Despite my confirmed irritation with Iowa and New Hampshire voters getting first crack at those who would be president, I'm not sure a national primary is the answer.

It's a cliché, but if the nomination goes to the candidate who wins the most popular votes in a single, national primary – all campaigns for president must be national. Period.
No campaign will ever start small and grow into a national candidate – they must have the bucks and logistics to cover all the states (or enough of the population centers) to win.

This election has shown us candidates who do not have national legs (Ron Paul, Mike Huckabee, John Edwards) and while they have clearly been given short shrift by the media – were this a national primary, they'd have never gotten into the race at all.
Armstrong links to an article from Democracy Journal where Kenneth Bauer asserts that a national primary will not endanger "retail politics" (something I'd concede) and rebuts my particular objection with :
It’s at this point that someone pulls the Jimmy Carter card, arguing that the current system enables a relative unknown to emerge. This idea is as dated as a can of "Billy Beer." Carter is, in fact, the only candidate to have made such a journey, and even he made important moves to build support during the Invisible Primary, winning, for instance, the Iowa State straw poll in 1975. And Carter benefited immensely from being the first candidate to exploit fully the dynamics of the new nominating system.

Assuming he's right about Carter (a fair assumption) Armstrong's argument gets boiled down to: "The door's practically shut on emerging candidates now, why not slam it?"

I don’t agree. While the political establishment would never go for it- the idea that the nomination begin in a few states before going to a wider set of states I think has merit. My chief objection is that the order is fixed in stone – Iowa and New Hampshire always get the Pole Position. The established powers always know what ground they will be battling on.

You set up a system where the order changes from time to time, and I think you afford the outsider a (slim) chance to get in – and you add some variables to the mix.

I mean, look at the primary we have now – the states were all jostling for position in the primary season and we've ended up with primaries after Super Tuesday that actually matter. (Yes, I understand that Super Delegates can F that up, but stay with me…)

Candidates may break under the relentless strain of campaigning – but we're seeing states voting with enthusiasm – people are just so happy to be asked their opinion (as opposed to being informed who their party's candidate will be, and won't-you-please-pull-the-only-lever-you-have?).

Making it a national primary will ensure that my vote is counted, but it will also ensure that my choices of candidates will be limited in a process I have absolutely no say in.

Monday, November 26, 2007

RIP Anastasia

There is the oh-so-faint possibility that we can finally get rid of one of those enduring mysteries.

Amateurs Unravel Russia's Last Royal Mystery

YEKATERINBURG, Russia — On the outskirts of this burly industrial center, off a road like any other, on a nowhere scrap of land — here unfolded the final act of one of the last century’s most momentous events.

The new remains were 70 yards from the first burial site.

...It would be 73 more years, in 1991, before the remains would be reclaimed and the announcement would ring out: the grave of the last Russian czar, Nicholas II, and his family had been found.

But the story does not end there.
Yes, the story doesn't end there - an unabashed charlatan named Anna Anderson and mankind's unquenchable thirst for conspiracy have fueled 90 years of speculation that Anastasia and her brother managed to survive.

At long last - it appears that they have found their bodies, not far from where they found the rest of the Romanovs.

Let us hope that DNA is salvageable.

Perhaps then we can stop hearing fairy tales about how two unarmed and isolated young children managed to escape (or be spared by) the same group of murderous thugs who shot and stabbed nine other adults and children to death, before disfiguring them with acid and throwing them down a mine shaft along with several hand grenades.

It would make a great story for them to have survived, but pitiless men like Lenin insist that their assassins be thorough - or at least too terrified to disappoint.

Brutal as it is, the truth would at last make the Russians provide the very least that is owed to murdered children: a grave that testifies to posterity the manner of their death.

Sunday, September 23, 2007

The War

Having just finished watching the first episode of Ken Burn's The War, I can say that Mr. Burns and company have not lost their gift to present history as a profoundly human story.

There is a closing window of opportunity for survivors of that time to tell their personal experiences to posterity. We have romanticized or obscured truths from this war that could enlighten and inform our nation's current debate about conflict and sacrifice.

The lessons our nation is learning now have been learned before. You would think we would try to remember, or at least listen.

There were many moving moments - the Japanese-American who still breaks down while describing, sixty years after the event, how it felt to be vilified in the wake of Pearl Harbor.

Then there was the survivor of the Bataan Death March who looked into the camera and said, "I marched for six days and seven nights without stopping on a single sip of water and no food. Now, they'll tell you that can't be done... but I did it."

In a vacuum you might think he was bragging - but he's not. He wants you to know how bad it was. He did what he did because the alternative was death.

...

The media saturation of this series has probably put some people off, and the pushback has already started. I've read in the local media criticisms of lighting, style, and tone. Such comments appear to ignore this film's substance, a rather important aspect of any documentary.

There are also comparisons between this series and The World at War, but I think any attempt to judge one better than the other is pointless. The intent of both series was and is to enlarge the understanding of something that future generations desperately need to understand.

Ken Burn and PBS will preserve a vanishing narrative and offer it to a new audience. This is a good thing, and it's damn fine television besides.

Definitely worth a viewing.

Friday, August 17, 2007

Whitey

Any time the family gets together – the stories come out. I’m sure you know the drill. Family mythology gets more dramatic with each retelling. The winters get colder, the snow gets deeper, and bears grow to monstrous size and devour men whole.

We accept this because there is a curious pleasure in hearing a story that we remember from childhood. The stories that got a hold of you early, you remember. What’s more, hearing them again you can remember how it felt to hear the story the first time. Like you’re back there.

When everybody in the audience feels the same way, it’s like there’s an electrical charge in the air – everybody’s anticipating the next bit of the story. You smile even before the good part, you laugh even before the punch line.

My family’s mythology centers around two main themes: poverty and logging. My grandmother’s generation grew up during the depression. They and virtually everyone they grew up with were dirt poor. I’m guessing most families with four generations in America can easily come up with stories similar to the ones I grew up with. The depression got everyone, and while the stories are all different – the theme is the same. “We were poor,” your family tells you – and you believe them.

The second theme stemmed from the first – logging. My great-grandfather was a fairly poor businessman and had tried a number of things to bring in more money, one of which was logging. Like many people in those days, he died young. He left bills to pay and contracts for lumber to be filled – and suddenly, the family was in the logging business.

The logging stories I’ll save for another day – but suffice it to say, they too have a certain commonality to them. If you cut down trees, sooner or later – you or someone around you will be hit by one of them. Some are sad, some are funny, and a few are downright heartbreaking.

And then there’s my great-uncle B. He has his own mythology, and the only theme to it is: “Holy crap, this man shouldn’t be alive.”

My great uncle was in World War II, in Italy. You wouldn’t know this from talking to him – like most vets of the era, he doesn’t talk about the experience much. Like most vets, he’s just glad it’s over. Great uncle B has gone by a nickname for so long that my sister and I just assumed that was his real name. Nicknames stick sometimes, but B’s wartime nickname ended with the war. In the war he was known as Whitey.

In the war, Whitey drove a tank.

That alone would make him the coolest relative a kid is likely to know – but there’s so much more to it, and for years – decades, really – I’ve missed it.

Every reunion, the older generation gets together for story telling – and there are some doosies – but when uncle B gets up to speak, the room goes quiet and everyone just stares. I know this secondhand, because for five reunions in a row, I have managed to not be in the room when it happens. I’m off lost on the mountain, or in a boat, or golfing and I’ll get back and everyone will say “Wow, you should have been there! Uncle B told us about the time he drove a tank up and down the steps of the Vatican!”

-and I missed it! I mean, damn!

This year, I finally manage to find out about it, and catch the tail end of a just few of his stories. And it was good.

Like I said, uncle B was a tank driver – 19, skinny as a rail, and perfectly suited for crawling into the coffin-sized compartment where a tank keeps its controls.

It’s a good thing he was skinny – one of his more hair-raising stories involved a time when the tank was on fire and he went to scramble out of his hatch. He flipped open the hatch only to find that the tank’s turret had rotated so that the gun barrel was right over his hatch – partially blocking it. Instead of the incredibly tight opening he usually had to crawl through, he had half of it. As he puts it “The tank was on fire, so I got out of there anyway.”

Close shaves, he would say.

Like the time his tank had been knocked out by a bazooka and he and his crewmates scrambled out to run for it. They’re on one side of the tank; the Germans who just blasted their tank are on the other side, lobbing grenades.

The tank’s burning, there’s no cover other than the tank, and the newly-arrived grenades mean they have to run into the open ground.

Mind you, these are tankers, so they’re lucky if they have pistols on them. Outside of the tank, they’re pretty much civilians.

They run. Into the open. Uncle B describes doing a zig zag, which would be second nature if this was a war movie – but he’s telling you in a way that lets you know: no way this was a movie. He and the rest of the crew fully expected to die.

None of them got hit – and they never knew why. They made it to a ditch, and eventually got back to their unit to get a new tank.

After the war, uncle B was at some festival and he ran into a man he knew from the war – a fellow tanker – and they spent some time catching up. Eventually uncle B mentioned this story, and the other guy just nodded his head.

He was in a tank following uncle B’s tank. He saw it get hit, and then drove his tank into the line of fire to take out the bazooka team. He got them, too – or uncle B and his buddies would have been shot down as they ran.

Uncle B’s got a bunch of stories like this. One after another where he’s the one telling you the story – and while you’re listening, you’re thinking: God, I hope he makes it.

Bombs land next to his tank, so close that the tank slides into the crater. He is ordered to drive another crew’s tank down a narrow mountain road – and a “friendly” truck accidentally pushes him over the edge. The tank rolls down a mountainside and he climbs out looking like somebody poured blood over him. Turns out he’s uninjured; the blood belonged to a butchered sheep that was hanging in the tank.

And just one more and I promise I’ll stop:

He tells the story of a time when his unit was ordered to move across a bridge that was downrange of enemy artillery. The approach to the bridge was terribly exposed; the only thing above ground was a flimsy wire fence alongside the road leading up to the bridge.

B takes his tank down the road, and is hit in the treads right as he’s even with the fence. The tank crabs to the side and plows over the fence, before B straightens it out. At that moment, uncle B is picturing his damaged tank treads. The shear pins that hold it together. Break one, no problem, break a few and the strain of full throttle will tear the rest. The tread falls off, and the tank will be immobile.

Which means that he and his crew will be a sitting duck for the nice men who managed to hit him a second ago when he was moving.

So, he thinks: baby the tread? Or gun it? He pushes the levers forward, and waits for the tread to tear off. There’s a horrible sound of shearing metal, but he realizes that it is the sound of the fence being mowed down by his tank – his moving tank.

With that realization, he floors it and crosses the bridge, trailing wrecked fence behind him.

On the other side is a town, so he ducks into a side street for cover. He gets out to check the damage and just stares. Where the shell hit – there isn’t a single pin in the tread at all. It should have come apart on the bridge – would have come apart, except for one thing: the fence. The fence he’d plowed into had wound itself around the tread like a twist tie, and had kept the tread together.

If he hadn’t hit that fence, at just the right angle… that’d ‘ve been it.

Uncle B’s just the mildest guy you ever saw – but he reminds me of the all the guys you see in the documentaries. The ones who say – “after the war, everything after was just a gift.”

Uncle B’s just that kind of guy, too – loves life, lives well – and only when pressed does he blow your mind with some of the incredible crap he had to deal with.

Makes me want to go to the Vatican and look for tank tracks.

Wednesday, August 08, 2007

…cell without a number

Guantanamo Bay’s prison has been described by Amnesty International as the “Gulag of our times,” but it’s becoming more evident that the US maintained a far worse system of incarceration – so-called “Black Sites,” a euphemism for CIA-operated facilities that operated outside the reach of US law.


Rather than the masters of a single gulag, we appear to hold title to another gulag archipelago. The New Yorker is reporting that black sites have been engaging in conduct similar to that of Abu Ghraib, only much more organized and sophisticated.


Since the operations are highly classified, Jane Mayer’s article approaches the topic from the edges, but it’s abundantly clear that the CIA is attempting to extract intelligence from prisoners using methods that can only be described as torture.


As Abu Ghraib established, this conduct would provoke outrage if conducted in the open.
If this occurred on US soil, this conduct would be illegal.


So it occurs in secret, in other countries.

I am reminded of Jon Ronson’s story on This American Life, where he illustrates an amazingly similar situation from the 1600s.


Following the bloody civil war that led to the ascension of Oliver Cromwell and the execution of Charles I, the monarchy was restored to power. The followers of Charles II were determined that their enemies would never again be in a position to threaten the realm. One of the king’s advisors, Lord Clarendon proposed to suspend the right of habeas corpus and send the enemies of the realm to his own Guantanamo: far away prisons, never again to see the light of day.
Ronson: The exact location of Lord Clarendon’s Guantanamo is lost to history. … But suspending habeas corpus didn’t work out well for Lord Clarendon. He was impeached. At his impeachment trial, he was accused of sending people away to “remote islands, garrisons and other places, thereby to prevent them from the benefit of the law, and to produce precedents for the imprisoning of any other of his majesty’s subjects in like manner.” And remember, democracy as we know it is still centuries away. Innocent until proven guilty, one man one vote – only the most extreme radicals held these views.

These were dark times. There were heads on spikes all over London and still, the people were shocked by Clarendon’s disregard for habeas corpus.


…The one outcome of all of this was the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679, which specifically forbade what Clarendon had done, and made it illegal to send a prisoner into “Scotland, Ireland, Jersey, Guernsey, Tangier or into parts, garrisons, islands or places beyond the seas which are, or at any time hereafter shall be within or without the dominions of His Majesty.” And forbade it has remained for 330 years – in England, anyway.
England figured this out three centuries ago, is there any reason we have to learn it the hard way?

We’re the good guys, we should act like it.

Monday, August 14, 2006

National Security Archive FOIA Request Yields 9/11 Air Traffic Control Transcripts

Because more information is a good thing:

National Security Archive has posted the 9/11 Air Traffic Control Transcripts

1328:16+
UAL-93 *** (mayday) *** (hey get out of here) ***

1328:48+
UAL-93 *** (get out of here) *** (get out of here) ***

1329:14+
LOR-R [Lorain Radar - Ground control] United ninety three verify three five zero.

1329:20+
LOR-R United ninety three verify you're at flight level ah three five zero.

....[LOR-R repeatedly attempts to contact the UAL-93]...

1331:55+
UAL-93 *** please sit down. keep remaining seating. we have a bomb on board, so ***

1332:05+
LOR-R er uh calling cleveland center you're unreadable say again slowly.

1335:36+
LOR-R ah United ninety three if able * ah squawk trip please.

1336:51+
LOR-R [Cleaveland center announces that UAL93 is turning south and east and climbing].

1339:10+
UAL-93 ah this is the captain uh would like to all remain seated there is a bomb aboard and we go back to the airport and to have our demands so please remain quiet.


This is the last time UAL-93 appears in the transcript.